Growing Elderberry

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) is a powerhouse medicinal shrub that rewards a one-time planting with decades of medicine, food, and beauty. The dark berries are rich in antioxidants and antiviral compounds — the basis of elderberry syrup, one of the most well-studied herbal preparations for shortening the duration and severity of colds and flu. The flowers are equally medicinal and make exceptional cordials, teas, and skin tonics. Every part of this plant is a gift.

Method

1. Plant elder in a sunny to partly shaded spot with moist, well-drained soil and room to spread. Elderberry is a large shrub — expect 8–12 feet tall and wide at maturity. Plant at least 2 different varieties for cross-pollination and heavier berry production.
2. Elderberry is most easily established from hardwood cuttings taken in late winter or early spring. Take 6–8 inch cuttings from one-year-old wood and root in moist potting mix.
3. Water consistently in year one while establishing. After that, elder is fairly drought-tolerant once deep-rooted.
4. In years 1–2, allow the plant to establish without heavy harvesting. Harvest elder flowers in late spring/early summer when florets are 50–75% open — before fully open they have the most fragrance and potency.
5. Harvest berries in late summer to early autumn when they are deep purple-black and hang in heavy clusters. Always cook elderberries before eating — raw berries contain compounds that cause nausea in some people.
6. Prune one-third of the oldest canes to the ground each winter to encourage vigorous new growth. New wood produces the most flowers and fruit.

Tips & Notes

• Never eat raw elderberries or use the leaves, bark, or roots internally — the compounds in raw plant material can cause nausea. Brief cooking neutralizes them completely.
• Elderflower cordial is one of the most beautiful things you can make from the garden. Steep fresh flower clusters in sugar syrup for 24 hours — the resulting drink is floral, delicate, and extraordinary.
• Dry extra berries on screens and store them for winter syrup-making. They rehydrate well in warm water.
• A single mature elder can produce enough berries to supply a family with immune support all winter long.

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